The functional capacity of neutralizing antibodies was elevated in hemodialysis patients who were symptomatic compared with the asymptomatic group and correlated with the concentration of the antinucleocapsid and antispike IgG antibody response. for the cognate CD4+ T-cell help in the induction, differentiation, and maintenance of antigen-specific memory B-cells and antibody-secreting cells. Patients with ESRD do not necessarily have lower levels of serum immunoglobulins; however, you will find data exposing the concentration of antigen-specific immunoglobulins is usually significantly lower in patients with ESRD requiring maintenance hemodialysis compared with healthy individuals.3 SARS-CoV-2, RO 15-3890 the causative agent of COVID-19, has been associated with a greater risk of hospital admission and mortality of patients with ESRD on maintenance dialysis RO 15-3890 compared with healthy individuals. As a result, there has been a desire to observe prioritization of chronic kidney disease patients, including patients with ESRD requiring maintenance dialysis, to receive the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. These patients tend not to generate a potent immune response to established vaccines as previously found with the hepatitis B vaccine, which resulted in the modification of vaccine doses and scheduling to generate a more strong immune response.4 There have been reports of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination inducing the humoral immune response, including IgG-specific spike protein antibodies; however, the measured IgG levels were significantly lower in the maintenance hemodialysis patients compared with a healthy control group, 30 days after second vaccination.5 Determining the longevity and functionality of humoral immune response after infection or vaccination patients with ESRD receiving maintenance hemodialysis is of great importance to understand the humoral and long-lasting immunity in this vulnerable population as approximately 65% of patients with kidney transplant lost the SARS-CoV-2Cspecific humoral immune response by 6 months after infection.6 In this issue of the em Kidney International Reports /em , you will find 2 new studies, one investigated the longevity, Dudreuilh em et?al. /em ,7 and the second the functionality, Muir em et?al. /em ,8 of the humoral immune response after a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 contamination in a patient population receiving maintenance hemodialysis. In healthy controls, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies has been detected up to 8 months after contamination, and Dudreuilh em et?al. /em 7 evaluated the persistence of these antibodies over time in maintenance dialysis patients. Analysis of 110 patients who experienced previously tested positive for SARS-CoV-2Cspecific IgG revealed that 94% of the patients RO 15-3890 who were either symptomatic or nonsymptomatic experienced detectable antibodies at 10 months postinfection. Nevertheless, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2Cspecific antibodies detected in the serum of patients was slightly higher in patients who experienced symptomatic contamination (96.8%) compared with those who were asymptomatic (89.6%). These results are comparable with the observations found in healthy controls, including the suggested correlation of a more strong and longer lasting antiCSARS-CoV-2 IgG response with severity of disease. In this study, antibodies were measured by targeting the spike protein indicating the presence or absence of spike-specific IgG. This study did not evaluate the antibody response to other SARS-CoV-2 proteins and the titers of antibodies at each of the 2 time points. Furthermore, the neutralizing capacity of antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 was not evaluated, thus whether the presence of long-lasting antibodies can prevent contamination was not decided. Evaluating whether the antibody functionality and titers decrease more rapidly over time in the maintenance hemodialysis patients compared with healthy individuals will have a significant impact on vaccine boost strategies in this patient population. The analysis of the second study on SARS-CoV-2 humoral immune response in maintenance dialysis patients who were either symptomatic or asymptomatic for COVID-19 by Muir em et?al. /em 8 characterized the antibody titers and the presence of neutralizing antibodies. Similar to the previous reports, a more strong antinucleocapsid Rabbit Polyclonal to Histone H2A and antispike IgG immune response was found in maintenance hemodialysis patients who were symptomatic compared with the asymptomatic patients. The functional capacity of neutralizing antibodies was elevated in hemodialysis patients who were symptomatic compared with the asymptomatic group and correlated with the concentration of the antinucleocapsid and antispike.
